Theyyam is a sacred ritual performance art that has been practiced for centuries in the northern districts of Kerala, especially in Kannur and Kasaragod. Theyyam combines dance, music, and storytelling to invoke and embody divine spirits. The word “Theyyam” comes from “Daivam,” meaning god, as each performer is believed to be possessed by a deity during the ritual, offering blessings, guidance, or even justice to the gathered devotees.

What makes Theyyam truly unique is the sheer diversity within the tradition. There are over 400 recognized forms of Theyyam, each with its own story, costume, musical rhythm, and ritual. From heroic ancestors and local deities to animal spirits and mythical beings, every Theyyam reflects the history, struggles, and beliefs of the community that worships it. Some popular forms include Muchilottu Bhagavathi, Wayanattu Kulavan, and Kathivanur Veeran.

Performed mainly by members of historically marginalized communities, Theyyam also represents a powerful space where social hierarchies are briefly dissolved—the performer becomes divine, and all, regardless of status, seek blessings.

The photos here are of Pottan Theyyam, among others—a fierce and socially critical form that symbolizes resistance against caste injustice and reminds devotees of the values of equality and compassion.

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